Method of attaching rubber to metals.



NITED STATES PATENT OFFIGE.

LEO DAFT, OF RUTHERFORD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIG-NOR TO ELECTED-CHEMICALRUBBER & MANUFACTURING. COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

7 METHOD OF ATTACHING RUBBER '10 METALS.

No Drawing.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 25, 1913.

Application filed February 17, 1912. Serial No. 678,365.

To all whom it may concern Bedtknown that I, LEO DAFT, a subject of theKing of Great Britain, and a resident of Rutherford, in the county ofBergen, State of New Jersey, have invented a new and Improved Method ofAttaching Rubber to Metals, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a method of at-:

taching rubber to metals by direct vulcanization of the rubber upon thesurface of the metal,'so as to produce a, chemical combination betweenthe constituents of the rubber and of the metal to which it is attached.

I have described in my application filed concurrently herewith, SerialNo. 67 8,364 a method of attaching rubber to metals provided the metalcontains bismuth or bismuth and arsenic; and I have there also describeda method of electroplating the surface of the metal with alloys ofbismuth or bismuth and arsenic, in the event that the metal does notcontain these substances-v I have not, however, claimed the methodtherein set forth of producing the electrolyte, nor this method incombination with the method of producing the electrolyte and it is tothese matters that the present application is more particularlydirected.

Inasmuch as the alloy which'is to be plated upon the article to whichthe rubber is to be attached should contain it'smetal constituents incertain definite proportions (which, however, may be varied according'to the composition of the .rubber compound), and inasmuch as it ishighly desirable to'obtain a deposit containing these metals in theseproportions with certainty, it is very important to so proceed in themaking of the electrolyte that none of its constituent elements shall beprecipitated out of solution, except to the-lextent of the excess overthe articular quantity desired. The method prefer to acccmpllsh theseresults is the following:

If the alloy which is to be'plated upon the exact proportions of thevarious ingredients article to which the rubber'is to be attached is tocontain bismuth without the addition of arsenic, I first cast an alloyof copper, zinc and bismuth, in the following proportions: ='copper,parts; zinc, 37 parts; bis- -muth, 3 parts. This alloy I dissolvein astrong oxidizing agent, such as hot nitric acid (s ecific gravity 42Baum). This gives a ight blue, turbid fluid, which I neutralize by theaddition of ammonia or other similar agent, thus producing aclear darkblue. solution, to whlch I add sufficient potassium cyanid to clear thefluid and to make the same strongly alkaline.- The resulting liquid,after the addition of the potassium cyanid, is a light yellow. When,however, it

is desired to include arsenic" as well as bismuth in the alloy to beplated, I preferto make an alloy of copper, zinc, bismuth and arsenic,in the following proportions: copper, 60 parts; zinc, 38 parts; bismuth,1 part; arsenic, 1 part. This alloy is made by .first fusing togetherthe copper, zinc and bismuth, andthen adding the arsenic in the form ofa powder, after which the whole should be well puddled before pouring. I

then proceed in the same manner as when copper, zinc and bismuth aloneare used, by dissolving the alloy in hot nitric acid, adding ammonia andperforming the same operations as in the previous case. The liquidproduced in either case is diluted with sufficient water 'to' form theelectrolyte, at about a specific gravity of 1.040. The article to whichthe rubber is to be attached is then placed in the electrolyte andelectroplated in any preferred manner. I prefer to use a current ofabout .6 amperes per square decimeter of surface to be plated,'at avoltage of from 3% to 6 volts, but these values may be varied withinwide limits. The anodes used in each case consist of the alloy describedabove, viz., where copper, zinc and bismuth are used in tlieelectro1yte,.the anodes are: copper, 60 parts; zinc, 37 parts; bismuth,3

parts, and where arsenic is used as well as bismuth, the anode I preferto use is: copper, 6Q parts; zinc, 38 parts; arsenic, 1 part;

bismuth, 1 part. The article thus plated is then thoroughly cleaned andis brought into contact with the rubber and vulcamzed under pressure ata high temperature, say 250 to 320 Fahrenheit.

I do not intend to confine myself to the -Many, if not all, of theingredients have well known chemical equivalents, and

equivalent reactions may be obtained. It

is evident that many, if not all of these things may be varied withinrelatively wide attaching the rubber limits without departing fromthespirit of my invention. I

What I claim and desire to procure by Letters Patent is:

1. Themethod of attaching rubber to metals which consists inelectroplating the article to which it is desired to attach the rubberin an electrolyte made from a plurality of metals one of which isbismuth, obtaining a deposit containing bismuth, and to 'the surfacethus formed, by vulcanization. i

2. The method of attaching rubber to metals which consists inelectroplating the article to which it is desired toattach the rubber inan electrolyte made from a plurality of metals two of which are bismuthand copper, obtaining a deposit containing bismuth and copper, her tothe surface thus formed, by vulcanization.

3. The methodv of attaching rubber to metals which consists inelectroplating the article to which it is desired to attach the rubberin an electrolyte made from a plurality of metals three of which arebismuth,-

copper and zinc, obtaining a deposit containing bismuth, copper andzinc, and attaching the rubber to the surface thus formed, byvulcanization.

4. The method of attaching rubber to metals which consists inelectroplating the article to which it is desired to attach the rubber,in an electrolyte made from a plurahty of metals two of which arebismuth and arsenic obtaining a deposit containing bismuth and arsenic,and attaching the rubber to thesurface thus formed, by vulcanization.

5. The method of attaching rubber to" metals which consists inelectroplating the article to which it is desired to attach the rubberin an electrolyte made from a plurality of metals three of which arebismuth, arsenic and copper, obtaining a deposit containing bismuth,arsenic and copper, and attaching the rubberto the surface thus formed,by vulcanization.

6. The method of attaching rubber to.

metals which consists in electroplating the article to .which it isdesired to attach the rubber in an electrolyte madefrom a plurality ofmetals four of which are bismuth, arsenic, copper and zinc, obtaining adeposit containing bismuth, arsenic, copper and zinc,

and attaching the rub- -my name in the presence of and attaching therubber to the surfacethus formed, by vulcanization.

7. The method of attaching rubber to metals which consists inelectroplating the "article to which it is desired to attach the rubberin an electrolyte made from a cast alloy containing bismuth, obtaining adeposit of said alloy and vulcanizing the rubber directly upon thesurface thus produced.'

8. The method metals which consists in of attaching rubber toelectroplating the article to which it is desired to attach the rubberin an electrolyte made from a cast alloy containing bismuth and copperobtai-ning a deposit of said alloy and vu canizing the rubber thusproduced.

9. The method of attaching rubber to metals which consists inelectroplating the article to which-it is desired to attach the rubberin an electrolyte made from a cast alloy containing bismuth, copper andzinc, obtaining a deposit of said alloy and vulcanizing therubberdirectly upon the surface thus produced.

10. The method of attaching rubber to metals which consists inelectroplating the article to which it is desired to attach the rubberin an electrolyte made from a cast alloy containin bismuth and arsenic,obtaining a deposit of said alloy and vulcanizin the rubber directly.upon the surface thus'produced. J

11. The method of attaching rubber .to metals which consists inelectroplating the article to which it is desired to attach the rubberin an electrolyte made from a cast bismuth, arsenic and copalloycontaining per, obtainin a deposit of said alloy and vulcanizing t erubber. directly upon the surface thus produced.

12. The method of metals' which consists, in electroplating the articleto which it desired to attach the rubber in an electrolyte made from acast alloy containing bismuth, arsenic, copper and zinc, obtainin adeposit of said alloy and vulcanizing t%e rubber directly upon thesurface thus produced.-

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed two witnesses. LEO DAFT.

Witnesses: m

. WALTER S. Jones,

MARGARET MAOINTYRE.

directly upon the surface attaching rubber to

